High-rise building fire climbing surface refers to the building facade where the climbing fire truck is close to the high-rise main building, carrying out the climbing operation of the fire truck and the firefighters enter the high-rise building to rescue the trapped people and fight the fire. The operation site of climbing is the operation space to carry out the climbing work along the building's climbing surface. The complex and diverse layout and use functions of high-rise buildings bring many unfavorable factors to fire fighting and rescue, especially the poor consideration of the fire climbing surface and working site in the design, and the fire protection vehicle can not get close to the main building for rescue, resulting in avoidable fire losses and casualties. Therefore, the fire climbing surface and working site play a very important role in the fire safety of high-rise buildings. However, some design and construction units pay attention to the exterior facade of the building and the design of the internal function of the building, and often do not pay enough attention to the setting of the fire climbing surface and work site. To this end, the author believes that the key to the audit of the climbing surface and the working site should grasp the following points:
First, grasp the relationship between the building facade and the elevation
1. In order to ensure that firefighters enter the high-rise building from the stairwell, reach the fire floor as soon as possible, and carry out fire fighting and rescue, there must be stairs directly to the outside or exits directly to the stairwell.
2. A large area of curtain wall glass should not be set on the climbing surface to prevent the adverse impact of the curtain wall bursting on the normal climbing operation.
3. Each floor must be provided with a door, window or opening that can provide firefighters with access to the interior of the building through the elevator.
4. The roof evacuation platform and refuge floor must be consistent with the climbing surface to ensure that the climbing vehicle can timely rescue the personnel inside the roof evacuation platform and refuge floor.
5. The high side should avoid setting large area billboards.
6. The retreating table facade can be allowed as a climbing surface, but the relationship between the width of the retreating table and the height should be handled well. For this reason, the width of each floor retreat should not be greater than n times the height of the building, and the coefficient n should be determined according to the maximum inclination Angle of different climbing vehicles in different cities.
Second, grasp the setting form of the climbing operation site
The author believes that in order to make more reasonable and effective use of land resources and land utilization rate and reduce investment costs in the city, the fire truck climbing operation site can be appropriately increased as the climbing operation site according to the actual situation such as the height of the building combined with the circular channel of the climbing operation surface. This is not only conducive to carrying out multi-directional fire fighting and rescue along the climbing surface, but also conducive to saving land resources.
1. Determine the distance and width of the driveway from the building. In order to ensure the intersection of vehicles in emergency situations and take into account the leg span of the ladder truck, the lane width should be set at 6-7.5m dual lanes; According to the actual combat experience of the fire site, the distance between the driveway and the building should not be less than 5m, and the maximum distance from the building can be determined by the building height and the equipment of the local fire brigade's climbing ladder truck. For example, the building height is 40m, and the Markilus truck with a rated working height of 52m is equipped in the area. According to the safe working range of vehicles, the lane should be set 5-13m away from the building; The specific location should also be jointly determined according to the fire climbing plane.
2. There should be no overhead pipelines, tall trees, street lights and other obstacles within the working range of the overhead lifting vehicle. In the vicinity of the fire driveway, there should be facilities for the fire truck to draw water, and there should not be an underground garage that affects the stop of the fire truck and the entrance and exit of the civil air defense project within the scope. The scope of the operation plane of the fire engine is mainly determined by referring to the technical parameters of the fire engine. For buildings with a height of about 50 meters, there shall not be any buildings and overhead objects obstructing the ascent within 17.89 distance from the fire fighting surface. Therefore, high-rise buildings with a height of more than 50 meters have 18 meters of fire truck operation space, and 7-8 meters wide fire lanes are set along the climbing side, and the lane is 10-11 meters away from the building, which can meet the general high-rise building climbing operations. However, if the height of the building is about 30 meters, then the arm height of the fire truck does not need to be 50 meters, and the upper Angle is also appropriately reduced, then the operation space of the fire truck can be appropriately reduced, and it can be seen through calculation that the reserved height of about 14 meters is enough.
Third, grasp the relationship between the work site and the surrounding environment
1. The climbing operation site must be a hard ground, the bearing capacity should meet the load requirements of large fire trucks, and the fire lane should be set up to directly enter the climbing operation site to ensure that the climbing vehicle can quickly arrive at the scene to carry out fire fighting and rescue work.
2. Overhead power, communication and tram pipelines affecting the climbing operation should be avoided on the climbing surface and the climbing operation site.
3. The climbing operation site should be set within the red line of construction land to avoid conflicts with municipal pipelines, roads, greening, etc. The climbing operation site should be set within the red line of land as far as possible.
4. The climbing operation site should be as smooth as possible, and there should be no large height difference within the scope, so as to facilitate the operation of the climbing vehicle, quickly adjust the brace Angle and maintain the stability of the vehicle.
5. The position of the hydrant and pump adapter should be reasonably arranged to avoid the conflict between the water supply of the fire truck and the climbing operation. According to the actual needs of fire fighting, it is best to have more than two ring hydrants near 40 meters of the climbing operation site, because a climbing vehicle or high spray vehicle water, generally need two ordinary fire trucks at the same time to supply water, to this end, to leave parking position and space for water supply vehicles. The pump connector should be located far enough away from the climbing operation surface, which depends on the actual situation, and when the ordinary fire truck supplies water to the pump connector, it does not occupy the working site of the climbing vehicle and affect the climbing operation.